The symbol "
" is referred as square root function or radical and the expression
is referred as square root of
. The square root of a number
is a number
such that
. In other words,
is a number whose square is
.
The symbol "
" is referred as square root function or radical and the expression
is referred as square root of
. Every positive number can potentially have two square roots. One of them is
, which is positive, and the other is
, which is negative. However the square root function of a number always returns a non-negative number i.e.
.
Only the square root of a perfect square will be a rational number e.g. the square root of 16 is 4 because 16 is a perfect square. However the square root of 3 is not a rational number since 3 is not a perfect square i.e. 
You should memorize commonly used perfect squares outlined in the following table
Number
| |||||||||
Perfect Square
| |||||||||
Square Root Operation
|
The square root of a number can also be written in exponent form. The square root of a number is nothing but the number with an exponent of "1/2" e.g. the square root in
can also be written in exponent notation as 
Example:
Which of the following expressions represents the square root of 45?
A) 
B) 
C) 
D) 
E) 
Solution:
The number 45 can be written as 5 × 9. Therefore square root of 45 = 
=
=
=
=
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